Yes, the runner can win by draining R&D. This is more often referred to as ‘milling’. The most common mill decks are in anarch, using either Noise’s ID ability to install many viruses, or using Data Link Reversal (DLR), often in conjunction with Joshua B.
In both cases it is more common for these decks to win by accessing archives (potentially using Hades Shard), than to mill the corp to 0 cards in R&D. Corp players will usually attempt to forestall a loss in such situations by using Jackson Howard to add cards to R&D before their mandatory draw phase, while scoring as aggressively as they can since the runner is more focused on milling than running.
In my experience with these decks, there is a fine line to walk between the mill win and the agenda-steal win. They seem similar, but there are times when the win can be guaranteed by the aggressive mill play, while stealing the agendas is only fairly likely to win.
There are a lot of subtleties to playing these styles of decks. They can seem non-interactive at first, but as you learn to play with and against them, they actually depend a lot on the board state and player interactions.